What are some signs of Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) that a CNA should observe?

Observing patients with Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is crucial for a Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) to provide proper care. The signs listed in the correct choice encompass key symptoms commonly associated with CHF.

Swelling in the legs, known as edema, occurs when the heart does not pump effectively, leading to fluid buildup in the body's tissues. This is a direct result of heart failure, as the heart's reduced ability to manage blood flow causes excess fluid to accumulate. Shortness of breath is another hallmark symptom of CHF, particularly during physical activity or when lying down, due to fluid in the lungs (pulmonary congestion). Finally, fatigue is prevalent because the heart's impaired functioning leads to decreased blood flow to the body's organs and muscles, resulting in overall weakness and lethargy.

Each of these symptoms reflects the challenges faced by individuals with CHF, making their identification by a CNA critical for prompt management and intervention. Understanding these signs helps ensure the patient receives timely care, potentially improving outcomes and quality of life.